Why we carry connections over standard SSH

Long-term stability, a mature ecosystem, easy auditing and controllable permissions: we carry our tunnels over standard SSH and built our own user-level SSH service for the nodes.

Four things we care about in a protocol

  1. Long-term stability: developers need it to work all day and all month, not to look good in a speed-test screenshot.
  2. Standard and mature: SSH has been in use for thirty years, with mature implementations, thorough audits and a complete toolchain.
  3. Clear identity: every connection maps to a specific user and device credential.
  4. Permission isolation: a node's admin access must never be exposed by user connections.

Why not just use the system sshd

The system sshd is designed for logging in to servers: every user is a system account, and its permission boundaries don't suit a large-scale connection service. Our nodes run our own SSH service instead:

  • users are not system accounts; they can only open permitted forwards and cannot run commands;
  • user credentials are issued and revoked centrally by the control plane, and nodes admit connections based only on access leases;
  • the system admin channel is fully isolated from the user service, on a different port with a different set of credentials.

Device credentials: private keys never leave the device

  • Every device generates its own key, and the private key is stored only in the local system's secure storage;
  • the control plane keeps only the public key, and the database refuses to store private keys;
  • credentials rotate regularly, with a brief overlap between old and new so connections aren't interrupted;
  • removing a device or changing your password revokes the credentials immediately, on every node.

The result

A connection layer that is standard, mature, auditable and clear about permissions. It doesn't chase anything flashy; it aims for one thing only: once you connect, you forget it's there.

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